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Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder may have a genetic component, though it rarely runs in families and may not develop unless a person has more than one risk factor. The largest study ever done on sighted people with N24SWD found that the majority were male, with symptoms that started in the teens or twenties. It’s unclear what causes non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder in sighted people. As a result, many sighted people have the disorder for years before receiving a diagnosis. Symptoms manifest as generic daytime sleepiness and nighttime insomnia, so N24SWD is often misdiagnosed as another sleep disorder in sighted people. Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder can also happen in sighted people. Can a Sighted Person Have Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder? The further the cycle is from 24 hours, the faster disruptions to their sleep-wake schedule occur. Most people with N24SWD have between a 24 and a 25-hour sleep cycle.
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Researchers hypothesize that blind people may display a weak circadian response to factors such as sleep schedules, physical activity, and possibly even light, but not a strong enough response to establish a regular circadian rhythm. Not all blind people suffer from this disorder, because some retain the ability to perceive light to a certain extent.įor many people with N24SWD, the circadian rhythm drifts faster when bedtime occurs during the day and slows down when bedtime coincides with night.
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It’s estimated that approximately 50% of completely blind people have N24SWD. Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder is most common in people with total blindness, due to the lack of light input reaching the internal clock. What Causes Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder? Other intrinsic circadian rhythm disorders include advanced and delayed sleep-wake phase disorders, in which the sleep-wake cycle is pushed significantly forward or backward, and irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder, in which individuals display a fragmented sleep-wake cycle with napping throughout the day and long periods awake at night. It is considered an intrinsic sleep-wake disorder because the problem is mostly due to internal factors instead of external factors, such as jet lag or shift work. Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder is one of six circadian rhythm sleep disorders. They may develop depression due to the stress of not being able to keep a normal schedule, or as a side effect of sleeping during the day and not getting enough sunlight. Individuals with non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder often have difficulty keeping work, school, or social commitments. Over the long term, desynchronization from the innate circadian rhythm may have adverse health consequences. Several weeks later, they may not show any symptoms at all as their internal clock catches up with daylight once more.Īttempts to maintain a regular sleep-wake cycle are unsuccessful, even when supplemented by common solutions such as caffeine. During periods when their body clock is heavily desynchronized, they show a natural preference for sleeping in the middle of the day and difficulty sleeping at night. Over days or weeks, the circadian rhythm becomes desynchronized from regular daylight hours.Īs a consequence of this ever-shifting rhythm, individuals with N24SWD experience inappropriate fluctuations in appetite, mood, and alertness. This causes sleep and wake times to get pushed progressively earlier or later, usually by one or two hours at a time. Individuals with non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (N24SWD) have a circadian rhythm that is shorter or, more often, slightly longer than 24 hours. Non-24 Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder Symptoms & Diagnosis
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Living With and Managing Non-24 Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder